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This paper presents the first evidence on the efficacy of a major program designed to encourage the return migration of high-skilled individuals. The Malaysian Returning Expert Program targets high-skilled Malaysians abroad and provides them with tax incentives to return. At several eligibility thresholds, the probability of acceptance into the program increases discontinuously. Using administrative data on applicants, the analysis is able to identify the impact of acceptance to the Returning Expert Program on the probability of returning to Malaysia. The fuzzy regression discontinuity design estimates suggest that program approval increases the return probability by 40 percent for applicants with a preexisting job offer in Malaysia. There is no significant treatment effect for those who apply without a job offer. The estimated migration elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate, averaged across all applicants, is 1.2. Fiscal cost-benefit analysis of the Returning Expert Program finds a modest net fiscal effect of the program, between minus USD 6,900 and plus USD 4,200 per applicant, suggesting that the program roughly pays for itself.

Brain Circulation --- Brain Drain --- High-Skilled Migration --- Migration Policies And Jobs --- Return Migration --- Tax Incentives

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EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. The motivations of migrants for travelling to Europe vary, and the quality of the processes involved in their settlement and contribution to social and economic development are inextricably linked to their prospects of finding and sustaining good-quality work. This book explores the labour market integration of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers across seven European countries: the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland and the UK. Using empirical data from the Horizon2020 SIRIUS Project, it investigates how legal, political, social and personal circumstances combine to determine the work trajectory for migrants who choose Europe as their home.

Immigrants --- Europe --- Refugees & political asylum --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Sociology: work & labour --- Poverty & unemployment --- Civil rights & citizenship --- Asylum; Civil society; Europe; Labour migration; Migration policies; Precarious legal status; Precarious work; Social inclusion; Social partners

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migration economics --- migration policies --- development economics --- emerging labour markets --- Emigration and immigration --- Immigrants --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Economic aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Immigration & Emigration --- Migration. Refugees

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The choice between temporary and permanent migration is today central to the design of migration policies. The authors draw a distinction between the two types of migration on the basis of the associated social cost and the dynamics of learning by migrants. They find that unilateral migration policies are globally inefficient because they lead to too much permanent migration and too little temporary and overall migration. Existing international agreements on labor mobility, such as the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services, have failed to do better because they seek primarily to induce host countries to make commitments to allow entry. Instead, Pareto gains and more liberal migration could be achieved through multilateral agreements that enable host countries to commit to repatriation.

Anthropology --- Brain Drain --- Brain-Drain --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Culture & Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Home Countries --- Host Countries --- Host Country --- Human Migrations and Resettlements --- Immigrants --- International Agreements --- Migrants --- Migration Policies --- Multilateral Agreements --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Remittances --- Repatriation --- Skill Level --- Skilled Workers --- Social Development --- Temporary Migration --- Training --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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Based on extensive field research, the essays in this volume illuminate the experiences of migrants from their own point of view, providing a critical understanding of the complex social reality in which each experience is grounded. Access to medical care for migrants is a fundamental right which is often ignored. The book provides a critical understanding of the social reality in which social inequalities are grounded and offers the opportunity to show that right to health does not correspond uniquely with access to healthcare.

Immigrants --- Emigration and immigration --- Right to health. --- Medical policy. --- Medical care. --- Health aspects. --- access to health care. --- anthropology. --- civic. --- cultural anthropology. --- economic. --- emigration. --- engaging. --- globalism. --- government and governing. --- health care delivery. --- health care. --- human condition. --- illegal immigration. --- immigration. --- local policies. --- medical anthropology. --- medical care. --- migrants. --- migration policies. --- natural rights. --- page turner. --- public policy. --- reality. --- social inequalities. --- social issues. --- social problems. --- social reality. --- social science.